In Opportunity Organizations and Threat-Induced Contention: Protest Waves in Authoritarian Settings, Paul Almeida explains the cycles of protest in El Salvador by using political process theory’s opportunity and threat models. The first wave of protest, from 1960 to 1972, had increased institutional access through increased institutional access (357). This lead to a non-violent protest wave [...]
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revolutions
In Resources and Social Movement Mobilization, John Foran uses five factors to explain the success of a revolution: “1) dependent development; 2) a repressive, exclusionary, personalist state; 3) the elaboration of effective and powerful political cultures of resistance; and a revolutionary crisis consisting of 4) an economic downturn; and 5) a world-systematic opening” (18). Success [...]
